Some wasps and frogs evolved similar chemicals that cause pain in predators, even though the species are not closely related.

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Certain species of wasps and frogs share a pain and inflammation peptide similar to one found in vertebrates to help defend against predators – a discovery researchers say contributes to a shifting ...

Female wasps have a venomous sting to discourage predators, but males lack this protection. Now, researchers have discovered that male mason wasps have an alternative defence strategy: using their ...