In patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) who have an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), the use of digoxin may increase the risk of ventricular tachyarrhythmia ...
Depending on how the heart’s electrical activity appears on an EKG, a doctor may diagnose coarse or fine ventricular fibrillation (VF). Coarse VF appears as larger waves on an EKG compared with the ...