A nonlinear observer for automotive vehicle velocity estimation in presence of varying friction and road bank angles is presented, and validated and compared to an Extended Kaiman Filter (EKF) ...

In manufacturing, not all losses are loud. Some happen quietly, every second, in the background. Friction is one of them. Each time two parts move, whether turning, sliding or rolling, energy is lost.

1.1 What is friction? Take this everyday example: when a coffee mug rests on a flat table, the kinetic frictional force is zero. There is no force trying to move the mug across the table, so there is ...