Modulation spaces have emerged as a robust framework for analysing signals through their time–frequency characteristics. By capturing both localised frequency content and temporal variations, these ...

Modulation is the act of translating some low-frequency or baseband signal (voice, music, and data) to a higher frequency. Why do we modulate signals? There are at least two reasons: to allow the ...

Frequency Modulation (or FM) synthesis is a simple and powerful method for creating and controlling complex spectra, introduced by John Chowning of Stanford University around 1973. In its simplest ...

The average textbook definition of modulation reads: modulation is a process in which the frequency, phase or amplitude of a carrier wave varies in step with the instantaneous value of the modulating ...

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Radio frequency (RF) refers to the part of the electromagnetic spectrum where electromagnetic waves can be generated by alternating current fed to an antenna. It spans from around 3 kHz to 300 GHz. RF ...

Compared to the simple diode needed to demodulate AM radio signals, the detector circuits used for FM are slightly more complicated. Wrapping your head around phase detectors, ratio detectors, ...

Frequency modulation spectroscopy is a nondestructive technology for determining the water activity of pharmaceutical samples. This article discusses the various pharmaceutical applications of ...