In cerebral palsy (CP), the spastic motor type is most common, associated with a velocity-dependent increase in muscle stiffness that precedes the development of fixed muscle contracture. In ...

Spasticity is a clinical sign characterized by muscle over-activity and high tone spasms that is associated with several distinct neurological diseases. Timely diagnosis and management are essential ...

Joint contractures are a common complication of spinal cord injury (SCI), 1, 2, 3 and are characterized by limitations in the passive range of motion (ROM) of affected joints. 4, 5 Contractures limit ...

We thank Drs Patrick, Farmer and Bromwich for their interest in our paper. In their letter they raised four main issues: contracture is not solely due to the loss of sarcomeres in muscles but also due ...

Spasticity is a condition involving an involuntary increase in muscle tone that leads to resistance against normal movements of the body and may cause pain in some individuals. This condition is ...

Muscle problems are not just limited to spasms, pain and pulls. There are lot of muscle function that can be affected because of nervous disorders and related functions and performances. Spasticity is ...

Botulinum toxin type A was first used for the treatment of spasticity in 1989. A small uncontrolled study of treatment of upper limb spasticity after stroke reported encouraging benefits, including ...

Despite the seriousness of botulism, local injections of botulinum toxin type A are well tolerated and serious side effects are rare. Adverse events can be classified as local or systemic. [56] Local ...