As the speed of DSP's and digital hardware keeps increasing, software and digital hardware are replacing traditional analog hardware, making today's gizmos and gadgets smarter, more reliable, less ...

Figure 4. A snapshot, in time, of two complex numbers whose exponents, and thus their phase angles, change with time. The notion of negative frequency is often troubling to engineers who've spent so ...

Digital-to-analog converters (DACs) have been widely used since the 1980s in arbitrary function generators (AFGs) and arbitrary waveform generators (AWGs) to produce signals for verification, ...

Alain Bourdillon is a professor of Electrical Engineering at the University de Rennes. He is involved in research on Over The Horizon radar and on radio propagation. Direct frequency synthesizers have ...

1. This optimised analogue-conditioning circuit can avoid signal distortion caused by nonlinearities, and guarantee an optimum interface between the encoder and ADC. 2. shown is a normalised RC filter ...