Peter Mitchell was an outstanding theoretical biologist who had what Leslie Orgel has characterized as a counterintuitive idea that led to a fundamental shift in the way that biochemists viewed energy ...

All living cells require energy to survive. The energy can be provided by food, by light or, in diverse bacteria, by a myriad of possible environmental materials. These are used in large part to ...

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America PNAS is the world's most-cited multidisciplinary scientific serial. It publishes high-impact research reports, ...

Mitochondria convert the energy stored in nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through oxidative phosphorylation, a process driven by the chemiosmotic generation of a proton gradient across the ...