In the early digital era, logic gates were made exclusively of transistors and discrete components. The obvious occupation of a large space and increased heat dissipation pushed technology to ...

Fig 1. A typical CMOS input circuit comprises a “P” and “N” transistor. One is fully “on” for logic high, and the other is “on” for a logic low. Fig 2. When a CMOS input pin is at logic high or low ...

Low-power IC design techniques have been around for quite a while. They weren’t always required, though they were nice to have. The rapid growth of the consumer market for battery-powered devices has ...

In this paper, the authors describe the implementation of testing of CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) digital integrated circuits for both functional and delay fault testing using ...

The widespread adoption of scaled CMOS process technologies has made battery-operated consumer devices more powerful, cheaper, and last longer. In the last two decades, CMOS technology scaling has ...

The human vision-processing system is built of numerous complex neural layers that communicate with one another by means of feedforward and feedback neural connections. Via these connections, each ...

Imec, the research and innovation hub in nanoelectronics and digital technologies, has designed and fabricated a 16,384-electrode, 1,024-channel micro-electrode array (MEA) for high-throughput ...